Ophthalmology Pathology Evaluation

Pathology results are the critical endpoint in preclinical efficacy and safety assessment. The complex structure of eyes makes pathological procedures and examinations a challenge. The difficulty may increase further for those small and diseased animal eyes, and these particular pathology evaluations require unique skills and experience. The TriApex pathology team has skillful technical scientists and experienced diagnostic pathologists, leading the team to conduct ophthalmic pathology assessment and develop innovative methods.

Introduction of Services

Eye fixation and specific tissue collection

The eyes are generally fixed in Davison fixative and trimmed according to requirement, such as gross lesions or special structures, e.g. the macula, papilla and laser spot. We are able to provide paraffin and frozen slides of mouse, rat, rabbit, Beagle dog and monkey eyes.



Fig. The eyes were trimmed before embedding in the paraffin.

Ophthalmology Histopathology Examination

INHAND diagnostic criteria are applied to diagnose and semi-quantitatively record ocular histological changes. The special disease models some characteristic features of the lesion are recorded.



Fig. The eye sections of dog, monkey, rabbit, rat and mouse (from the left to right). Modified from Wang et al (2021). Ophthalmology and therapy, 10(3), 465–494.

Special Analysis of Ocular Cells

Different ocular cells can be specifically stained and analyzed, such as ganglion neurons by flat-mount IHC.



Fig. Specific cells of the eye can be highlighted by using   IHC and quantified by using advanced software. 


Imaging Scan and Quantitative Analysis

Special stained slides can be scanned in the system and the images are analyzed quantitatively by using simple method or advanced software.



Fig. Quantitative analysis by using advanced software. & Fig. Masson stain and analysis of the ciliary body of cynomolgus monkey